u“Strategic planning has always been a
government--especially military—responsibility”
u
uFormer Ford Motor Corporation President and Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara started the trend of
running government more like a
business and getting more “bang for the
buck”
•planning, programming, budgeting system (PPBS)
u
uPresident Carter brought to the federal government the related concepts of zero base budgeting (ZBB), invented
at Xerox Corporation.
u
uLater administrations reversed the ZBB experiment,
returning the federal budget to
its historical incremental basis.
•
•